Glaucoma

Q: What are the early symptoms of glaucoma?

Usually no symptoms in early stages. Later:•Loss of side vision•Blurred vision•Eye pain (in acute cases)

What is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma, commonly known as “Kala Motia”, is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve—the vital connection between the eye and the brain. This damage is often caused by increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), but it can also occur even when eye pressure is normal.

Glaucoma leads to gradual and irreversible vision loss, and if left untreated, it can result in permanent blindness.

It is called the “Silent Thief of Sight” because it usually develops without early warning signs.

Types of Glaucoma

1. Open-Angle Glaucoma (Most Common)

• Develops slowly over time

•No early symptoms

•Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision

2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma

• Sudden increase in eye pressure

•Severe eye pain, headache, blurred vision

•Medical emergency

3. Normal-Tension Glaucoma

• Optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure

•Cause may be poor blood supply to the optic nerve

4. Congenital Glaucoma

• Optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure

•Cause may be poor blood supply to the optic nerve

5. Secondary Glaucoma

•Eye injury

•Steroid use

•Diabetes

•Inflammation

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

You are at higher risk if you have:

• Age above 40 years

•Family history (especially parents/siblings)

•High eye pressure

•Diabetes

•Hypertension (BP)

•Thyroid disease

•High Myopia (minus number)

Tests to Diagnose Glaucoma

1. Tonometry

Measures eye pressure (IOP)

2. OCT

Checks optic nerve damage

3. Visual Field Test

Detects loss of peripheral vision

4. Gonioscopy

Examines drainage angle of the eye

5. Pachymetry

Measures corneal thickness

6. Fundus Examination

Direct evaluation of optic nerve

Frequently Asked Question:

What is the main cause of glaucoma?

The main cause is increased eye pressure, but it can also occur with normal pressure due to optic nerve weakness.

Can glaucoma be cured?

No, glaucoma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled to prevent further vision loss.

What are the early symptoms of glaucoma?

Usually no symptoms in early stages. Later:

•Loss of side vision

•Blurred vision

•Eye pain (in acute cases)

At what age should I get checked for glaucoma?

Everyone above 40 years should get regular eye checkups.

Is glaucoma hereditary?

Yes, having a family history significantly increases your risk.

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